ABSTRACT
The present study established the spectrum-effect relationship model of flavonoids in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium(CRP) from 15 batches of Liujunzi Decoction and statistically analyzed the correlation between chemical peaks and efficacy to identify the main effective components. HPLC fingerprints of flavonoids in CRP from 15 batches of Liujunzi Decoction were established. HPLC analysis was carried out on the Venusil XBP C_(18)(L) column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) at 30 ℃ with acetonitrile-water(containing 0.1% formic acid) as mobile phase for gradient elution, a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min~(-1), and detection wavelength of 300 nm to obtain chemical fingerprints. Additionally, the effects of flavonoids from CRP in 15 batches of Liujunzi Decoction on the content of GAS, MTL, and VIP, TFF3 mRNA expression, and percentage of CD3~+ T-cells of model rats with spleen deficiency were determined. The spectrum-effect relationship model was established by gray correlation analysis. The results showed that the main characteristic peaks with great contribution to the regulation of gastrointestinal tract were peak 16(vicenin-2), peak 63(sinensetin), peak 64(isosinensetin), peak 65(nobiletin), peak 67(3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptemthoxyflavone), peak 68(tangeretin), and peak 69(5-desmethylnobiletin). Therefore, there was a linear correlation between flavonoids from CRP in Liujunzi Decoction and the efficacy, and the medicinal effect was achieved by multi-component action. This study is expected to provide a new idea for exploring the material basis of the effect, i.e., regulating qi prior to replenishing qi, of CRP in Liujunzi Decoction.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Citrus/chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Hormones , RNA, Messenger/genetics , SpleenABSTRACT
Zixue was first recorded in detail in Qianjin Yifang, and practitioners of later generations renamed it as Zixuesan and Zixuedan, which is the representative prescription of antipyretic preparations and has high clinical application and research value. At present, there have been many studies on the pharmacological effect and clinical application of Zixue, but the medical books of the past dynasties have slightly different records on Zixue, which has brought some difficulties to the reasonable clinical application and research of this prescription. In addition to the introduction of Zixuesan, which is different from the ancient recipe, the researchers have questions about which development method can reasonably inherit and develop the classical preparation. The authors intend to summarize the historical evolution of "formula" and "preparation" of Zixue, in order to clarify its historical context, which can provide a reference for the modern research and development of this formula, and provide a new ideas for the in-depth exploration of other classic preparations.
ABSTRACT
Nine compounds were isolated from 95% ethanol extract of the roots of Tagates erecta by silica gel column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data as 5-hydroxymethylfurfuryl methyl succinate (1), 5,7,3'-trihydroxyl-3,6,4'-trimethoxylflavone (2), syringic acid (3), 5,7,4'-trihydroxyl-3,6-trimethoxylflavone (4), patuletin-4'-methoxyl-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), patulitrin (6), 5,3'-dihydroxyl-3,6,4'-trimethoxylflavone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), (2,2'-biththiophen)-5-ol (8), and 3-hydroxyl-4-methoxyl benzoic acid (9). Among them, compound 1 is a new disubstituted succinate and compound 8 was isolated from a natural resource for the first time. Compounds 2, 4, 5 and 9 were isolated from this genus for the first time. By measuring the biological activity and virulence of different compounds against soybean cyst nematode, it has found that compounds 1-8 exhibited a toxic effect on soybean cyst nematode, and ED50 values indicate that compounds 3 and 7 are the most potent, with ED50 values of 0.008 μg·mL-1.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To establish a method of quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS) for simultaneous determining six saponins in Caulophyllum robustum. Methods: Cauloside G was used as the internal reference standard; The relative correction factors of cauloside H, leonticin D, cauloside D, cauloside B, and cauloside C in C. robustum were calculated. To achieve the QAMS, the contents of indicative saponins were calculated by relative correction factors. At the same time, the external standard method was used to detect the contents of six kinds of ingredients in medicinal materials, and feasibility of QAMS was verified. Results: The relative correction factor had good reproducibility, there were no significant differences among the calculated values of multi-evaluation and measured values of the external standard method. Conclusion: In the absence of reference substance situation, QAMS can be used for the quality evaluation of C. robustum, and the method is accurate and reliable.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the mechanism of attenuated Strychni Semen (SS) and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (GRR) compatibility with the phase angle as the starting point. Methods The phase separation of SS single decoction and compatibility decoction was carried out by natural sedimentation, dialysis and high-speed centrifugation. UPLC-MS assay was used to study the differences in the distribution of brucine and strychnine in four different phases, and the change of the amount of toxic substances was analyzed. Results The compatibility of the decoction can be divided into four groups: true solution group, colloidal solution group, suspension group, and sediment group. Brucine and strychnine were well separated under the selected chromatographic conditions. The linear relationship was good in the range of 0.020-2.008 and 0.022-2.236 μg (r = 0.999 8), and the recovery was 96.84% and 97.62%, which indicated that the method was good. The distribution of brucine and strychnine in the different phase of the single decoction showed the same variation regularity, colloid group > solution group > sediment group > suspended group; Compatibility decoction of different phase of brucine and strychnine also showed the same distribution, sediment group > colloidal group > suspension group > solution group. Conclusion The contents of toxic substances in SS were decreased after compatibility with GRR, especially for the strongest toxicity of strychnine, which mainly concentrated in the sediment components. Studies on the changes of toxic substances in phase states indicated that the sustained release effect of the sediments components after compatibility with GRR is the key factor of reducing toxicity and improving efficiency.